ROME – Italy’s government has approved a law paving the way for the return of nuclear energy, nearly four decades after it was banned by a 1987 referendum. Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni described the move as crucial for achieving energy security and self-sufficiency.
The law, which awaits parliamentary approval, grants the government authority to draft detailed regulations for the nuclear transition. Energy Minister Gilberto Pichetto Fratin expects the process to be finalized by the end of 2027.
Italy plans to use advanced modular reactors to produce sustainable nuclear energy, helping to decarbonize its most polluting industries. The government argues that technological advancements have rendered the 1987 nuclear ban obsolete.
By incorporating nuclear power into at least 11% of the national energy mix, Italy could save an estimated €17 billion in decarbonization costs by 2050. The share could potentially rise to 22%, according to the national energy and climate plan.
The law will outline operational guidelines for new nuclear modules, initiate scientific research, and facilitate the dismantling of old nuclear plants. It will also establish an independent authority to oversee the sector.
Italy maintains significant nuclear expertise, with state-controlled utility Enel operating nuclear plants in Spain and energy major Eni investing in nuclear fusion research in the U.S. Talks are underway with potential partners, including U.S. firm Westinghouse and France’s EDF, for building advanced reactors in Italy.