BRUSSELS — Finland has joined France’s initiative to strengthen Europe’s independent nuclear deterrence, amid growing uncertainty over the United States’ long-term security commitment to the continent and continuing concerns linked to the war in Ukraine.
Finnish President Alexander Stubb and French officials confirmed Finland’s participation in the Forward Nuclear Deterrence Initiative, launched by France in March. The programme seeks to expand European cooperation through joint military exercises, enhanced consultations and the possible temporary deployment of French nuclear-capable assets on the territory of partner countries.
“The initiative is first and foremost about strengthening European security,” Stubb said in a post on X, adding that it would increase Europe’s responsibility for its own defence and help prevent escalation.
Under the arrangement, the French president retains sole authority over the use of France’s nuclear weapons. This differs from NATO’s nuclear framework, which operates through a shared Nuclear Planning Group.
Finnish Defence Minister Antti Häkkänen described the agreement as a natural step following the participation of Norway, Sweden and Denmark earlier in 2026. With Finland’s inclusion, 10 countries are now taking part in the initiative.
Stubb stressed that the French-led programme would complement rather than replace NATO’s nuclear deterrence arrangements. He also said Finland had no intention of permitting nuclear weapons to be stationed on its territory during peacetime.
Finland’s decision comes as European governments seek to strengthen their defence capabilities and deepen strategic cooperation in response to changing transatlantic security dynamics.